Language as a tool of power, control, and transformation

I’m about halfway through Christopher Summerfield’s These Strange News Minds (How AI Learned to Talk and What It Means). Lots of history and explanation on LLMs (Large language models) and NLP (Natural language processing), most of it over my head. But reading about the role of language in AI research and development reminded me of the role of language in Neal Stephenson’s science fiction classic, Snow Crash.


[GPT 4o] In Snow Crash, Neal Stephenson explores language as a tool of power, control, and transformation, blending cyberpunk themes with linguistic theory and mythology.

1. Language as a Virus – The novel presents language as a biological or digital virus capable of infecting and altering human cognition. “Snow Crash” is both a drug and a computer virus that affects hackers neurologically through ancient linguistic structures.

2. Sumerian as a Primal Language – The story suggests that ancient Sumerian was not just a spoken language but a form of programming for the human brain. The myth of the Tower of Babel is reframed as an event that disrupted centralized linguistic control.

3. Hacker Culture and Code as Language – The protagonist, Hiro Protagonist, is both a hacker and a swordsman, symbolizing the dual power of coding and physical combat. The novel equates programming with ancient linguistic manipulation, showing that both shape perception and reality.

4. Linguistic Control and Subjugation – The antagonist, L. Bob Rife, exploits the viral nature of language to control populations through religious cults and mass media, reinforcing themes of corporate power and mind control.

5. Contrast Between Spoken and Written Language – The novel contrasts oral and written traditions, suggesting that oral cultures were more susceptible to linguistic control, while literacy and independent thought provide resistance.

Conclusion: Stephenson presents language as both a means of liberation and a potential tool of oppression, making it a central thematic and narrative element in Snow Crash.


  • “a form of programming for the human brain.”
  • “…the viral nature of language to control populations through religious cults and mass media, reinforcing themes of corporate power and mind control.”
  • “…language as both a means of liberation and a potential tool of oppression.”

Sounds all too familiar.

When Did Social Media Begin?

In the twenty-three years I’ve been maintaining this blog more than 800 posts wound up in the INTERNET category, making said category almost useless. And do I make SOCIAL MEDIA a tag, or a sub-category under INTERNET? To sort this out I am reviewing each of those 800+ posts. During today’s lunch break I asked GPT 4o when SOCIAL MEDIA became a thing.


While it’s impossible to pinpoint an exact starting point, social media as a component of the Internet has evolved over time. It depends on how you define it—whether as any form of online interaction or as modern profile-based networks. Here are some key milestones:

1. 1970s–1980s: Early Bulletin Board Systems (BBS) and Usenet

  • BBSs (1978): Allowed users to post messages, share files, and engage in discussions.
  • Usenet (1980): Functioned like a decentralized forum, organizing discussions into topic-based newsgroups.

2. 1990s: The Web and Early Social Networks

  • AOL, CompuServe, Prodigy (late 1980s–90s): Introduced chat rooms, forums, and member profiles.
  • GeoCities (1994): Gave users personal webpages in themed “neighborhoods.”
  • Classmates.com (1995) & SixDegrees.com (1997): Often cited as the first modern social networks, with SixDegrees offering profiles, friend lists, and messaging.

3. 2000s: The Boom of Modern Social Media

  • Friendster (2002), MySpace (2003), LinkedIn (2003), Facebook (2004): Refined the model, with Facebook becoming dominant.
  • Blogs, LiveJournal, Twitter (2006): Expanded social networking beyond direct connections, introducing microblogging.

Conclusion: The “beginning” of social media depends on the criteria:

  • If looking for early online social interaction, BBS and Usenet were the start.
  • If considering profile-based networks, SixDegrees.com is a strong candidate.
  • If marking the moment social media became an Internet-defining force, the mid-2000s explosion with Facebook and Twitter is key.

I remember the modem screech that connected me to my first BBS. Posting to a Usenet group. My first CompuServe email address. And all that followed. Here on smays.com SOCIAL MEDIA started getting some ink in the mid-2000s.

4-Track Tape Players (Predecessor to 8-Track)

Before the 8-track tape, there was a 4-track cartridge system, commonly known as the Muntz Stereo-Pak or simply the 4-track tape system. It was developed in the early 1960s by Earl “Madman” Muntz, an entrepreneur known for his work in consumer electronics and cars.Key Facts About the 4-Track System:

  • Introduced: Early 1960s
  • Cartridge Design: Used a continuous loop of 1/4-inch tape inside a plastic shell, similar to the later 8-track format.
  • Audio Quality: Offered stereo sound and was considered to have slightly better fidelity than 8-tracks due to fewer tracks being crammed onto the tape.
  • Adoption: Mainly popular in automobiles, often installed in custom and high-end cars of the era.
  • Main Drawback: Required a pinch roller built into the player (instead of inside the cartridge like 8-tracks), making it less convenient.
  • Replaced By: The 8-track format, developed by Bill Lear (of Lear Jet fame) in 1964, became more commercially successful due to support from major automakers and tape manufacturers.

Though 4-track players had a brief run, the format laid the groundwork for the success of the 8-track, which dominated car audio until cassette tapes took over in the late 1970s. (GPT 4o)

These Strange New Minds

How AI Learned to Talk and What It Means

“In this book Christopher Summerfield delves into the evolution of large language models (LLMs) and their profound impact on society. Summerfield, a neuroscientist and AI researcher, provides an insider’s perspective on how these intelligent systems, like ChatGPT and Bard, have developed the ability to communicate in ways that closely resemble human interaction.

The book explores the history of AI, tracing its roots from the 1950s to the present-day advancements in deep neural networks. Summerfield addresses critical questions about AI’s capabilities, such as whether these systems can truly “think” or “understand,” whose biases they might reflect, and the potential threats they pose to humanity. Continue reading

Suno AI

“Suno AI is a generative artificial intelligence music creation program that allows users to generate realistic songs combining vocals and instrumentation based on text prompts. Suno has been widely available since December 20, 2023, after launching a web application and partnering with Microsoft to include Suno as a plugin in Microsoft Copilot.” (Wikipedia)

I had not heard of Suno until I received the following text from my friend David.

La Tiara, our favorite brand of taco shells, has been discontinued. I asked Claude for lyrics to a mariachi ballad in tribute, and fed them to Suno and got this.I asked for a mariachi style ballad. Was not expecting Spanish.

David and I worked together at Learfield Communications during the early days of the Internet. I was boring everyone to tears with my predictions about what a Big Deal it was going to be. Huge! Transformative! Bigger than radio! David shared my enthusiasm. To illustrate Suno’s magic…

I prompted for a song about a guy named Steve who’s trying to convince his company the internet is the next big thing, but they don’t believe him because all they know is radio.” It came up with the bizarrely accurate details on its own. [lyrics]

Organizing videos (categories and tags)

I posted my first video to YouTube in February, 2006. Just a year after YouTube launched in 2005. (Yes, it was lame)

Since then I have embedded or linked to YouTube videos 713 times. That’s a lot, particularly if I wanted to see videos by category. For example, all videos on the topic of CONSCIOUSNESS. Or, all videos of my Land Rover. While I have a Land Rover category, many of those posts don’t include a video. The 6,400 posts here at smays.com are organized in 41 categories with 256 tags. 

While most of those 713 videos were created by someone else, I created 167 of them and 73 of them are YouTube selfies (me talking to the camera.)

Are you confused yet? It gets even more complicated. I created a category for videos not hosted on YouTube. These include .mp4, .mov, with a few Vimeo and TED Talk videos.

The goal here to make it easier to find videos by topic. Examples:

By combining categories and tags or tags and tags, I can make searches more specific.